Facts, Fiction and Comparison and Contrast Essay Topics List

Facts, Fiction and Comparison and Contrast Essay Topics List The One Thing to Do for Comparison and Contrast Essay Topics List There are a number of methods in which you can make certain that their thesis is deemed top notch. To put it simply, compare and contrast method to analyze and find the similarities and differences between both topics. In a lot of sections of text's key body you are supposed to demonstrate different contrast or compare points. There are two common strategies to compose the composition. The instance is India that is democracy not republic. Beowulf and Churchill, however, are a lot more different heroes than it may appear to be. Third try to come up with the most important point of your argument. There are many groups which are under the umbrella of evangelical. In the span of obtaining an education, students must deal with distinct tasks and overcome many challenges of different complexity. My college instructional pursuits. There's, obviously, a limit on the range of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. The pen is actually a fascinating device. Using our professional essay writing service, you obtain a range of free services including absolutely free revisions, absolutely free cover page and outline, completely free formatting upon request, absolutely free editing, and totally free essay shipping. You've got an entire collection of things to compare. The tips below will make sure that the thesis written is of high quality. For instance, something as easy as adding new info on your internet site creates another selling opportunity when prospects and customers go to your website to find the new info. There are lots of hints and methods to assist you in capturing a reader's interest. Additionally, a customer may ask the writer to submit part of the job for review and, if needed, ask them to make corrections. Therefore, many students and employees decide to acquire cheap essay rather than writing it themselves. Homeschool high school students will be certain to delight in some of this week's lighthearted topics. Students that need over a list of good topics may hire professional academic writers online to acquire the maximum grade with no distinctive efforts. Start looking for the best ideas shared by the best students in the lists below. Citations and extracts from assorted sources have to be formatted properly. Inside this paper, it's appropriate to use easily comparable subjects. Take a look at our compare and contrast essay samples to observe how to compose essays of this sort by yourself. In these instances, you should compose an essay or report to go over your ideas about the subject. You're able to attract books, movies or articles which are discussing exactly the same topic you're likely to approach in your essay. This informative article puts more focus on subjects and topic for these kinds of essays since without a great subject, you could end up getting stuck and need to start over and over again. Emphasize the thesis and say the reason why this topic is crucial. Writing an excellent essay might be a bit of cake if you're feeling inspired. Before you start to compare the 2 subjects, research to acquire more knowledge on the topics you're writing about. Students learn how to analyze details about two subjects. While preparing the text, you will need to see that you should separate these 2 topics from one another. Most the topics utilized for writing process essays are associated with academics. There are various topics that one may use in writing process essays. This list deals with a number of the easy to write essay topics.

The Portrayal of Women in Things Fall Apart Essay

An image that comes of African women is usually a faceless and a voiceless being. There is always a tendency to look at them more or less than a slave. Chinua Achebe’s post-colonial novel, Things Fall Apart, do at some points of the novel support the case of the subjugated African women in the course of Okonkwo’s life through the practice of polygamy, paying bride price, and the atypical case of Okonkwo beating his wives at slight frustration. In Okonkwo’s eyes, women are mere property and the ones that keep a man sane. But, it is also through Okonkwo, we see women – mothers (Ekwefi), wives (Ojiugo), daughters (Ezinma), priestesses (Chielo, Ezeani) and goddesses (Ani) – who are revered and whose stature in the culture is paradoxical in†¦show more content†¦But when there is sorrow and bitterness he finds refuge in his motherland. Your mother is there to protect you†. Looking at the goddesses, Ani, the earth goddess, holds great power as she is the â€Å"source of all fertility†. â€Å"She was the ultimate judge of morality and conduct.† In Umuofia, before any crop is put earth, each person should â€Å"sacrifice a cock to Ani, the owner of all land.† Ani is model of the female force and she is superior to the male. Both the Week of Peace and the New Yam Festival is dedicated to her. When Okonkwo beats Ojiugo, his youngest wife, in the Week of Peace, Ezeani, the priestess of Ani, fined him with â€Å"one she-goat, one hen, a length of cloth and a hundred cowries for the purity of the land. Okonkwo† he respected the priestess even though she was woman and was â€Å"rependant† for his actions. To understand Okonkwo and his different interactions with women, one must look at his origins. Due to his father’s poverty and his debts, his whole life was to live opposite of him and thus, he was â€Å"dominated by fear, the fear of failure and of weakness†. After his father’s contemptible death, masculinity was a virtue that Okonkwo thrived on. He becomes a great wrestler as well as a warrior; he has a big farm, many wives, and has some of the highest titles in the clan. He believes he is embodiment of manhood. His fear of being weak outweighs every aspect of his life. He is not blind; he simply lacks the will to overcome his fearShow MoreRelatedThe Destruction Of Igbo Culture : The African Perspective1367 Words   |  6 Pagesadvancements of European culture. This narrow portrayal of African culture motivated Chinua Achebe, a man of the Igbo nation in Nigeria, to write his landmark novel Things Fall Apart (published in 1959), to not only tell the African per spective of their colonization, but also as a way of showing that his culture was not simple and straightforward to understand; it was intricate and dynamic. Forty-nine years after the publication of Things Fall Apart, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie published her short storyRead MoreAn Accurate Representation Of History1503 Words   |  7 Pagesan accurate portrayal of the historical event and significance. In the West African History portion of the class we learned about the women’s war. The women s war was a war against the women of Africa and colonialism. The women were tired of being oppressed and eventually fought back. Not only did the women fight back, they fought in a way that used their gender to empower themselves. While reading the novel Things Fall Apart written by Chinua Achebe we gain a perspective of how women were treatedRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1325 Words   |  6 PagesAlHababi Western Civilization 2 December 2, 2014 Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe Thing Fall Apart, first published in 1958, is Chinua Achebe’s first and most acclaimed novel. Achebe illustrates an approving rendering of Nigerian and African tribal life prior to and subsequent to colonialism. Achebe presents various aspects of a native African community, including war, women mistreatment, violence and conflict, while maintaining a balance in social coherenceRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe1130 Words   |  5 PagesBook Review: Things Fall Apart Chinua Achebe wrote the fictional novel â€Å"Things Fall Apart† based on a tribe located in an Ibo village in Nigeria. This story takes place in the era of colonization and imperialism except this time; it is from the viewpoint of the Africans. It is reasonable to say that Achebe’s work focuses around the unique protagonist, Okonkwo, and his beliefs along with how white men’s colonization impacted the African society. This novel can tie into our classes’ discussion withRead MoreImagery Throughout History Has Been A Big Factor In Creating1389 Words   |  6 Pagesmythology, paintings and movies as a way of conflict, to get a point across, or to tell a story. A big theme presented over time has been the ideologies of women and their role. Through time, we are able to see the way in which the roles of a female has been continuously constructed and reconstructed over and over again. This paper will look at the portrayal of femme fatale throughout history sh owing the lack of progression when it comes to gender stereotypes. The femme fatale is a mysterious, seductiveRead MoreThe Representation of Women in Much Ado About Nothing Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesRepresentation of Women in Much Ado About Nothing The female characters who are in the play are all present and involved in Act2 Scene1, which makes it the perfect situation to describe Shakespeares portrayal of women in Much Ado About Nothing. Hero can be easily compared with Beatrice being of a similar class and very close relatives. Then you have the characters of Margaret and Ursula, the servants, who are also very comparable and show a portrayal of women in lower classesRead MoreAchebe and Fanon on Colonization and Decolonization1400 Words   |  6 Pagescolonization and decolonization happens, and the resulting physical and mental effects on both groups of people. Telling this from a strictly historical and platonic standpoint he gives an accurate representation of how it works. Whereas in the novel Things Fall Apart, Chinua Achebe chronicles the life and times of an African family located in the lower Niger. The head of the family, which the story mostly follows, is highly respected by his fellow tribesman for his brute strength and warrior mentality. AchebeRead MoreThings Fall Apart Essay1042 Words   |  5 Pages Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe was wrote in 1958 as a response to European Literature viewing Africans as savages who were then enlightened and found peace and safety by the Europeans. Chinua describes the Igbo people and showed the culture and showing the way of life of the Igbo people. This book shows this powerful and eye opening look into the complex society of these tribes and villages and how law and order is run. The major theme that is I will focus is that traditional development ofRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe And William Shakespeare s The Tempest1417 Words   |  6 Pageson personal encounters Joseph Conrad uses Heart of Darkness to comment on the negative aspects of colonialism. Colonialism by definition is, â€Å"the policy and practice of a power in extending control over weaker peoples or areas.† In the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe and William Shakespeare’s play The Tempest, colonialism plays a significant role in the break down of humans. The conquerors in both stories disregard the natives believing that they are working towards the greater good of civilizationRead MoreThe Role of Women in Beowulf1137 Words   |  4 PagesThe Role of Women in Beowulf The women in Beowulf, which was written around 70 CE by an anonymous poet, fill many different roles, ranging from peacekeepers to wives and monsters, all of which are evidenced in the Queen Wealtheow, Queen Hygd, Hidleburh, and Grendel’s mother. The most prominent role of women throughout the poem is devoted wives and queens, which is reflected in the portrayal of Queen Wealtheow. When she is first introduced, Wealtheow â€Å"went on her rounds, queenly and dignified,

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Answer: Introduction Electronic health record is the system maintained by the Federal Government of the United States . The main aim of this health record is to serve the benefits to the common people of te country along with the healthcare providers. The maintenance of electronic health record facilitates integration of data and sharing data among health providers (Ahmad and Brosio2015). In order to develop the health care management system Australian Federal Government needs a design for the implementation of the system. This study discusses about the advantages and the challenges associated with the health care record management system. In order to develop the required architecture for the healthcare record, the enterprise reference architecture is required. This enterprise reference architecture delivers the design which includes the design for the different blocks exists in the health care management system. This designing of the blocks are done through the systematic approach and the logical implem entation described in the enterprise reference architecture. In order to implement the system this paper focuses on the logical implementation approach which can be achieved by the application of the enterprise information architecture. The structure discussed in this paper and the logic of following the structure is based on the reference of the enterprise reference architecture. This includes logical architecture and conceptual architecture. The architecture will also reflects the benefits of the reference model. The next section information management and integration includes component relationship diagram, component interaction diagram and operational model along with challenges for management and integration of data. EIA RA for eHealth Some of the advantages of following the model of enterprise information architecture and reference architecture in the implementation of the health care record management system has been discussed through the impacts of the health record system in the following domain. Integration in enterprise- The EIA RA provides benefits to ensure interaction among enterprise entities to achieve electronic health record systems objective. The enterprise integration can be achieved in various ways and in various levels. These approaches are as follows: physical integration, application integration and business integration (Bussler2013). The physical integration includes interconnection of connecting machines and devices. The application integration involves integration of database systems and software applications. The business integration includes monitoring, managing and controlling of business processes. The other integration approach is enterprise integration to achieve consistent decision making for enterprise. Enterprise interoperability- The enterprise information architecture allows to store the relevant information in the various locations of the system indifferent formats such as database formats and conflicting formats. These provides that two systems are able to understand and to use each others functionality (Chang 2016). The Enterprise interoperability helps to interact, exchange and provide services between information systems. The three levels at the system those get advantages from it are the service process and the data. Data domains- This helps to provide accurate truth from a specific source and correct information at the right time to central services of eHealth (Charter and Tischner2017). The main advantage of using the data domain is that it allows the single approach the the data service related t the master data, metadata along with the unstructured contetnt of the information and the operational data. The integration provided by the enterprise information delivers management and integration of the central service. Interaction and Information systems- The interaction of the information system delivers the functionality by managing the internal and external staffs and using the channels and the services for the presentation of the system. Conceptual form of architecture This level of the architecture helps to define the security of the electronic health record system. The effectiveness of the conceptual part also defines the relevance of the helath record in delivering its objective. In order to develop the health record system the architecture follows the concepts provided by the enterprise architecture. The architecture overview diagram is the architecture through which eHealth can be determined to develop electronic health record system (Giachetti2016). The building block for the development of the required architecture has been discussed through the diagram mentioned below. The diagram shows the different components present in the system and the relationship among those systems. The building block described in the figure will help to get the overall overview of the architecture requires for the e-health record. The below diagram shows eHealth systems as a single entity that mainly concentrates on customer and health providers aspects. The leadership/governance is the layer in building blocks which is the primary requirement for the development of electronic health record system. The final outcome shows that electronic health record system development will help to improve health sector (Laudon and Laudon 2016). The discussion will be followed by the overview of the architecture regarding the diagram which is based on the building blocks. The overview diagram of the architecture of the proposed system shows the different components and their relationship along with the significance of the structure in order to deliver the accurate health record system. The architecture overview diagram is essential for determining the functional capabilities of any sector. The architecture overview diagram is formulated according to requirement of a sector. The determination of the functionality of the entities and the components present in the system can be evaluated through the overview of the diagram. The diagram regarding the overview of the architecture of the system includes the process of interaction and the presentation of the existing service. The data services for the development of electronic health record are given and the services integration consists of security and privacy services. The electronic health record system development for Australian federal Government describes the following functional capabilities to achiev e goals and objectives of the system. The first goal is to improve patient safety and to provide them a more secure and safe environment. The second goal is to provide efficient and effective services for health care to patients. The third goal is to facilitate management of sensitive data of patients, healthcare provider and doctors. The fourth goal is to facilitate integration of data and sharing of data securely among the healthcare providers. Logical form of Architecture The feasible development can be delivered by the e-health record system can be presented by the logical architecture and the functionality of the components. The major attributes and the their functionality helps to develop the logical view of the components provided in the electronic health record. The intended groups, framework modelers and engineers, are related with this diagram that helps to develop the entities for this diagram. The logical presentation of the diagram mentioned in the paper gives the description of the significance of the requirements in the system. The necessities related with the end entities/users requirements are given in the diagram to depict the functions and operation required to develop electronic health record system (Schwalbe 2015). The development of electronic health record uses enterprise data warehouse to broadcast and input the integral data for overall operation of electronic health record. This part of the enterprise architecture defines the requirements, planning and the significance of the data warehousing in the enterprise architecture. The main target of logical view diagram is to achieve the required goals for healthcare providers along with Federal Australia Government objectives for developing electronic health records. Diagram of Component Relationship The component relationship diagram shows the relationships among different components of requirements that are necessary to develop electronic health record system. The electronic health record system development requires various components and they are described through the given diagram (Stein and Morrison 2014). The components presented in the component relationship diagram can be easily figured out by the system developer, to understand the required functionality and operation process of the system to develop electronic health record. The given diagram is the outcome of combining logical view and architectural overview diagram which presents the connection of different components within the information system. The diagram that represents the interaction system between the components in the e-health record system has been provided in this paper. The components and the information provided in the diagram indicates the necessary steps for achieving the interactions between the components. These information is helpful for achieving the goals of the e-health record system. The presentation of the geographic distribution of the different nodes rae presented in the operational model. The diagram based on component model discussed in the previous section and it is formulated after the component model formulation. The operational model breaks the components into functional and non-featured components that are further used to convey the development of the system so that it can be appropriate with the requirement of clients (Whetzel and Wheaton 2016). The main objective off the operational model is to showcase the different operational functionalities associated with the e-health record system. It also showcases the possible outcome of this model against the given data. Some of the factors for the development of the electronic health record system are the head office, disaster recovery management of the front office and the back office associated with the system. Challenges in the System The challenges that are posed for data integration are given as follows. Barriers to implement electronic health record-The barriers to implement electronic health record system are various ranging from budget to deployment to security. The high budget to deploy and maintain with uncertainty in outcome poses the primary challenge. The other barriers are privacy and security where there is a risk of data breach. Barriers to learn the system and services- The understanding and learning factors is also a challenge where lack of knowledge about the system will hinder its deployment. The healthcare providers and patients, if lack knowledge of using electronic healthcare systems, they may see it as a challenge (Arndtet al.2017). The learning challenge will hinder participation of healthcare providers and patients. Barriers because of easy use- The electronic health record system may or may not provide expected health information delivery automatically. The stakeholders are generally unwilling to use the system due to unfamiliarity to the electronic health record system or some other reasons. Electronic health record system interoperability-The patients receiving treatment at two very different places will pose a challenge (Jamoom, Yang and Hing 2016.). The challenge to provide care for patients-centered is the main hindrance in deployment of electronic health record system. Reporting quality- The main challenge of the health care record management is regarding the interoperability. It also includes the quality measurement and managing the engagement of the patients. The quality reporting of information from electronic health record system are issue related to the certain strategies and the challenges associated with the strategies in the electronic health record system. Strategies those can be implemented The below are the strategies for the challenges posed by the electronic health record system development. Involvement of executive management and implementing efficient and effective controls and measures. Assuring of sufficient resources and components devoting to the project for better development and deployment of electronic health record system. Utilizing phased implementation for projects before its beginning and all the phases must be negotiated. Choosing effective vendor and vendor scope to provide help in developing electronic health record system. The changes are necessary and hence, to deal with the changes preparation is required. The prior planning for managing the changes of work flows due to electronic health record system is necessary. Conclusion The study shows about the implementation of the health record system using enterprise architecture. The proposes system is developed by the enterprise information architecture. The diagrams provided in the paper gives a clear description between the different components of the system. The main objective of using the enterprise architecture in the development of the health care record system is to deliver the sustainable outcome. It can be said that the of the accurate heat care record keeping system will have positive impact on the society. The different diagrams helps to provide different illustration of components, entities and relationships among the components and entities.The challenges and strategies to overcome these challenges are also provided. Therefore, it can be concluded that there are challenges with the development of electronic health record system and it should be managed with proper strategies. Recommendations for the improvisation Effective suggestions can be provided in order to improve the proposed process for the development of the health care record system. Some of these suggestions are- Leadership- The leadership plays an important role in successful implementation of HER system where effective leaders should be there to help in deploying the system. Identifying a project manager- A project manager should be there to manage the deployment and implementation of the system because it is the crucial part. Raising awareness- The awareness of electronic health record system must be raised and enthusiasm must be encouraged for the system among the participants. Staff training- The training of staff as well as patients should also be incorporated to make them aware and acknowledged about the system and its uses for better facilitation. Utilizing accurate resources- The accurate resources should be utilized for the deployment of electronic health record system because it is important to deploy an efficient and effective system. References Ahmad, E. and Brosio, G. eds., 2015.Handbook of Multilevel Finance. Edward Elgar Publishing. Andrus, M.R., Forrester, J.B., Germain, K.E. and Eiland, L.S., 2015. Accuracy of pharmacy benefit manager medication formularies in an electronic health record system and the Epocrates mobile application.Journal of managed care specialty pharmacy,21(4), pp.281-286. Arndt, B.G., Beasley, J.W., Watkinson, M.D., Temte, J.L., Tuan, W.J., Sinsky, C.A. and Gilchrist, V.J., 2017. Tethered to the EHR: primary care physician workload assessment using EHR event log data and time-motion observations.The Annals of Family Medicine,15(5), pp.419-426. Buede, D.M. and Miller, W.D., 2016.The engineering design of systems: models and methods. John Wiley Sons. Bussler, C., 2013.B2B integration: Concepts and architecture. Springer Science Business Media. Chang, J.F., 2016.Business process management systems: strategy and implementation. CRC Press. Charter, M. and Tischner, U. eds., 2017.Sustainable solutions: developing products and services for the future. Routledge. Galliers, R.D. and Leidner, D.E. eds., 2014.Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Giachetti, R.E., 2016.Design of enterprise systems: Theory, architecture, and methods. CRC Press. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Jamoom, E., Yang, N. and Hing, E., 2016.Adoption of certified electronic health record systems and electronic information sharing in physician offices: United States, 2013 and 2014. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J.P., 2016.Management information system. Pearson Education India. Peppard, J. and Ward, J., 2016.The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. John Wiley Sons. Schwalbe, K., 2015.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Stein, B. and Morrison, A., 2014. The enterprise data lake: Better integration and deeper analytics.PwC Technology Forecast: Rethinking integration,1, pp.1-9. Whetzel, D.L. and Wheaton, G.R. eds., 2016.Applied measurement: industrial psychology in human resources management. Routledge.

PBS Sorting People Assignment

‘Race’ is the word commonly used to describe any group of people with similar characteristics. According to the PBS’ ‘Race: The Power of Illusion’, race and racial groups are two different things. In the early days, whites were considered a race while African Americans were viewed as a racial group.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on PBS Sorting People Assignment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This shows the element of discrimination in the view of the whites. During the sorting activity, for example I only managed to get two of each category correct. I attribute this to the fact that I grouped the individuals based on their physical features that I could see on them. This goes to show that just by looking at the visible physical features; one cannot accurately determine another person’s race. My definition of race is a group of people who after living together for a period of time, are able to integrate each other’s individual cultures into theirs and be comfortable with them. In the sorting people exercise, skin color cannot be an effective indicator of race because for example, the ‘medium light’ shade if skin color is present throughout all the races, and dark skin tone was present in the one of the Asian subject who conventionally, is perceived to all be light skinned. This means that a person with medium light skin can belong to any of the races present in America and a dark skin tone does not necessarily mean that one is black. In addition, blood type is ineffective in classifying race because from the use of the blood type sorting activity, I found out that the blood types O and A, are present throughout all the races provided. In short, this would make use of blood type inaccurate in grouping people into races since one blood type may be present in all races and one another blood type may be isolated to a particula r race. Social construction in relation to race In America, there is a perceived sort of social order according to whichever race you are from. From the early days of slavery and settlement, the whites were always considered the top of the racial ladder. This notion was further affirmed by the fact that most slave owners were white and their slaves were black. This is still further compounded by the fact that the concept of races predates slavery. Before slavery, in America the people had grouped themselves into the whites and American Indians. That is before black slaves shipped in from Africa were added to the frayAdvertising Looking for research paper on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Many people view race as a socially constructed entity determined by underlying factors such as politics, social factors and economic factors. Their argument basically states that race is just but a social concept created b y people in order to justify things like wealth and social status without feeling guilty. Moreover, this led to the notion of hypo descent, which refers to the assigning of children of mixed union to a subordinate group, further emphasizes the presence of a social hierarchy of races. This goes to show that children born of mixed unions are not considered in the same light as children born of same race unions. All in all the concept of ‘race’ is one, which is created by the human urge to segregate themselves socially due to certain factors. This is in order to make themselves feel comfortable around people who they perceive to be of equal social stature such that things like racial discrimination have become part of our society because people view themselves as different or superior to another race based on the earlier stated political, economic and social factors. This research paper on PBS Sorting People Assignment was written and submitted by user Taraji Michael to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Critique Essay Essay Example

Critique Essay Essay Example Critique Essay Essay Critique Essay Essay Critique Essay Name: Course: Institution: Tutor: Date: Critique Essay Summary of Nina Funnell The first article, Let’s respect children’s ability to think for themselves has been written by a social analyst and casual writer known as Nina Funnell. Funnell, N. (2011) attempts in arguing how children should be given a chance of contributing ideas, points or their personal views concerning the major issues facing the society. The author bases his grounds through a real life example of an eleven-year-old boy who managed to have a significant impact on the society when he managed to get his views across concerning the major issue of religion on a famous newspaper article. An issue concerning religion emerged after a well-known spiritual conservative named Fred Nile was protesting against the government’s act of wanting to ban spiritual classes by replacing them with Ethics classes. Funnell, N. (2011) states that as the young boy dished out his opinion on the matter, he expressed that as much as he respected people’s spirituality, he felt that Nile did not have the right in compelling people to follow religion. The societal response indicated astonishment that such an opinion could be generated by a young person. The writer uses this incident in proving how children are not taken seriously in the society and argues for their need in being given a chance to contribute their ideas and views on the key issues and developments that take place in society. Summary of Simon Longstaff The second article, Ethics lesson 1: don’t trade children’s interests for Nile’s obsession has been written by a writer known as Simon Longstaff, and he describes the common perception of politics as whereby there are no impossibilities in wanting to achieve something despite using fraudulent means. He describes how individuals involved in the political system find themselves in certain circumstances in which they go against their moral or ethical principles in achieving something. However, he argues that there is a chance of the society being rescued from this mentality. The writer reveals how the political leaders are taking advantage of the situation involving the introduction of ethics classes in schools in order to justify their unethical actions in the system. The article bases this by revealing the content of the ethical lessons being taught including the theme, â€Å"the end justifies the means†, and meaning that practices can be acceptable if the goal is relevant, significant or appropriate in the society. Longman,S. (2011) argues that if it is necessary for the political system to fulfill their interests, they should not mix with the interests of children by involving the education system. Determination of Ethos, Logos and Pathos It is possible to determine the writers’ ethos in the first article. For example, in the first paragraphs, the author introduces the main subject by using an actual example and relates himself to the main object of the example in order to prove the credibility of his argument. When the author discusses the young boy who contributed his opinions in a mature environment, he shows his familiarity as he tells how close he is to the boy’s family. The writer tells the readers the experiences of meeting with the boy’s parents and having the opportunity to hold conversations with the boy concerning his well-known opinions about introducing ethical classes in the education system. Granger (2008, pp.69) explains that a well-planned ethos enables the author to gain the trust of his audience since he proves the relevance of his argument. The writer’s encounter with one of the features in the main subject of his argumentation would give the readers reason in finding the article more engaging and hence feel the need in continuing to read it. The writer in the second article demonstrates ethos in the article through the content he generates. There is a strong foundation in the author’s statements in the first paragraphs because he reflects on the major issue facing the society including the conflicting debate between ethical classes against spiritual classes in the education system. He gives details on how the issue is connected with the interests of the political system. In addition, he gives details on the well-known issue of Reverend Fred Nile who contested against the idea of introducing ethical classes to replace spiritual classes. The credibility of the content found in the beginning paragraphs is sufficient to convince the readers that the author is sure of his argument. The author appears to be well informed on the issue he is arguing about and hence the readers will obviously confide in an author who is well rounded on the main subject. Another argumentative element that has been used in both articles is the pathos, whereby the writer attempts to convince the readers by capturing the attention of their emotions or feelings towards the subject. For example, in the first article, the writer uses a significant example of how a child makes an unexpected impact on an adult environment through his opinions. It is expected that any reader going through that article will be astonished, moved or inspired as to how a young individual could have such high level of intelligence that is influential to the society. Children are perceived as being innocent and hence are less likely to be familiar or surrounded with complex responsibilities and issues. Therefore, the writer was able to inspire the audience by bringing the situation in which the perception of children is reversed. In the second article, the writer demonstrates the pathos element in the manner he arranges and writes the content. For example, as he addresses his beginning statements, he expresses them based on his opinion towards the subject. In one of the statements, â€Å"I know that politics is the art of possible† reveals his view towards politics. This enables the readers to be moved by relating to the author’s personality that is displayed in those statements. The author has also incorporated his reaction towards the issue in the main body. For example, the statement, â€Å"Nile says that scripture is under threat from ethics classes. But this is nonsense† illustrates the author’s reaction towards the matter and hence his personality. The writer’s reaction could be a great way of catching the reader’s attention and making them more involved in reasoning with his given reaction in the book. In addition, the readers’ interest in the article is maximized because she is able to relate her feelings and thoughts to what the author is feeling concerning the subject. In the first article, pathos has been illustrated where the author includes his experiences as he is writing the main article. For example, the statement, â€Å"I confess that when I first read the piece, I did so with one eyebrow raised. Do 11-year-olds really write like this?† the author illustrates his personality through his reaction towards the issue he is discussing. This is a significant way of appealing to the readers to sympathize with the situation being discussed. Upon reading that statement, it is expected that a reader would react the same way and therefore seeing that he can connect with the writer in the article is enough to appeal the reader. In the second article, the writer applies pathos at the concluding paragraphs whereby he asks questions in order to show the relevance of his argument. The questions reveal the writer’s feelings and concerns towards the argument topic. For example, Longstaff. (2011) brings in the statement, â€Å"Will we now say that enough is enough?† shows that he is concerned and hence it enables the readers in trying to reason and sympathize towards the issue being raised in the article. Cockcroft, R Cockcroft, S.M (2005, pp. 56-57 ) explains that the argumentative element of logos can be described as the inner uniformity of the argument. This means that the claim, logic and reasoning of the argument must be addressed in a clear and consistent manner. The Logos is meant to provide the logic effectiveness of the argument to the readers. In the first article, the author has managed to achieve logos especially in the way he has introduced his argument. For example, in the first paragraphs, the writer begins by introducing a real life case, which brings out the idea or clue on what he intends to argue about. He introduces the story of an eleven-year old boy who influenced the society with his views concerning religion. He gives the main specifics of the details in a way that will allow him to bring out his argument subject. After introducing the case, he addresses his reaction by describing how he perceives the boy’s character in relation to the achievement he made through his opinions. The author’s reaction could give the readers a hint on the side he is supporting in his argument. The writer then expands on how the society perceives children and reflects the perception in the case he brought out in the introduction. This strategy enables the readers to understand and reason with the writer’s argument. In this case, he gives the perception of children from different views including the media and adults whereby children are viewed as being vulnerable and in need of security. The writer then brings out his argument claim from the idea of Russell (2007, pp.83) where he explains how children’s capability or potential fail to be taken seriously. The article follows on the beginning example, where the writer reveals his experience during his encounter with the young intelligent boy. The writer does this to convince the readers to believe in the logic of the argument. This is because he attempts to reverse the common perception of children when he reveals his astonishment with the boy’s level of intelligence and hence persuade the readers in perceiving children in a different positive way that would give them opportunity to grow in the society instead of shutting them down with negative assumptions. The writer uses the eleven-year-old boy in the example in proving the logic in his argument where the society needs to view children beyond the assumptions of being innocent and vulnerable. After giving all the details in his argument, he concludes by providing a solution or a form of compromise that could bring the other side of the argument to agree on his side. This is where he explains how children should be given opportunity and esteem to express and contribute their potential to the society’s benefit. In the second article, the writer gives details concerning the main issue of the argument. He then follows by stating his claim by expressing his opinion involving his main issue. For example, the author informs the readers about how the system of politics work and then proceeds to gives his opinion concerning how the political system should function. The writer follows his claim by introducing a case study in which assists in expressing his argument using several points from the case. For example, the well-known case involving Reverend Fred Nile and his opposition of ethics classes in the education system. He gives details on the reason for Nile’s objection to the Ethics, as being a threat to the existence of spiritual classes involving scriptures. He then brings out his argument when he objects to Nile’s conception by stating that the rights of ensuring spiritual classes in institutions is protected by law. The writer then proceeds to give information concerning the ethics subject based on its history and its impact on the young generation from the ancient period. According to Pirsig Kirwin (2004, pp.283), the writer relates this information to Nile in giving the reason for his objection to ethics classes whereby he explains how the subject was known to damage the young generation in the past when it conflicted with the cultural values when introducing the concept of modernism. The author relates the subject of Ethics classes to the main issue of politics by discussing how the political structure is taking advantage of the education system through controlling what should be taught in the Ethics subject. The writer claims that the political leaders are ensuring that the ethics classes include lessons on justifying the corrupt practices carried out in the political system in the reasoning where the end justifies the means. The writer continues his argument by questioning the logic in this act and attempts to offer a solution in form of a question. In the question, â€Å"Will we now say enough is enough?† the writer attempts in giving a hint on what should be done to solve the main issue in his argument. Reference Cockcroft, R., Cockcroft, S. M. (2005). Persuading people: an introduction to rhetoric. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, Palgrave Macmillan. Funnell, N. 2011, â€Å"Let’s respect children’s ability to think for themselves†, National Times [online] available at theage.com.au/opinion/society-and-culture/lets-respect-childrens-ability-to-think-for-themselves-20110802-1i9ce.html Granger, R. H. (2008). The 7 triggers to yes: the new science behind influencing people’s decisions. New York, McGraw-Hill. Longstaff, S. 2011, â€Å"Ethics lesson 1: don’t trade children’s interest for Nile’s obsession†, National Times [online] available at theage.com.au/opinion/politics/ethics-lesson-1-dont-trade-childrens-interests-for-niles-obsession-20110801-1i81v.html Pirsig, M. E., Kirwin, K. F. (2004). Cases and materials on professional responsibility. St. Paul, Minn, West Pub. Co. Russell, J. (2007). How children become moral selves: building character and promoting citizenship in education. Brighton, Sussex Academic Press.

Composition of the Universe

Composition of the Universe The universe is a vast and fascinating place.   When astronomers consider what its made of, they can point most directly to the billions of galaxies it contains. Each of those has millions or billions- or even trillions- of stars. Many of those stars have planets. There are also clouds of gas and dust.   In between the galaxies, where it seems there would be very little stuff, clouds of hot gases exist in some places, while other regions are nearly empty voids. All that is material that can be detected. So, how difficult can it be to look out into the cosmos and estimate, with reasonable accuracy, the amount of luminous mass (the material we can see) in the universe, using  radio, infrared and x-ray astronomy? Detecting Cosmic Stuff Now that astronomers have highly sensitive detectors, they are making great advances in in figuring out the mass of the universe and what makes up that mass. But thats not the problem.  The answers theyre getting dont make sense. Is their method of adding up the mass wrong (not likely) or is there something else out there; something else that they cant see? To understand the difficulties, its important to understand the mass of the universe and how astronomers measure it. Measuring Cosmic Mass One of the greatest pieces of evidence for the mass of the universe is something called the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Its not a physical barrier or anything like that. Instead, its a condition of the early universe that can be measured using microwave detectors. The CMB dates back to shortly after the Big Bang and is actually the background temperature of the universe. Think of it as heat that is detectable throughout the cosmos equally from all directions. Its not exactly like the heat coming off the Sun or radiating from a planet. Instead, its a very low temperature measured at 2.7 degrees K. When astronomers go to measure this temperature, they see small, but important fluctuations spread throughout this background heat. However, the fact that it exists means that the universe is essentially flat. That means it will expand forever. So, what does that flatness mean for figuring out the mass of the universe? Essentially, given the measured size of the universe, it means there has to be enough mass and energy present within it to make it flat.The problem? Well, when astronomers add up all of the normal matter  (such as stars and galaxies, plus the gas in the universe, thats only about 5% of the critical density that a flat universe needs to remain flat. That means that 95 percent of the universe hasnt yet been detected. Its there, but what is it? Where is it? Scientists say that it exists as dark matter and dark energy.   The Composition of the Universe The mass that we can see is called baryonic matter.   It is the planets, galaxies, gas clouds, and clusters. The mass that cant be seen is called dark matter. There is also energy (light) that can be measured; interestingly, theres also the so-called  dark energy. and nobody has a very good idea of what that is.   So, what does make up the universe and in what percentages? Heres a breakdown of the current proportions of mass in the universe. Heavy Elements in the Cosmos First, there are the heavy elements. They make up about ~0.03% of the universe. For nearly half a billion years after the birth of the universe the only elements that existed were hydrogen and helium They arent heavy. However, after stars were born, lived, and died, the universe started getting seeded with elements heavier than hydrogen and helium that were cooked up inside stars. That happens as stars fuse hydrogen (or other elements) in their cores. Stardeath spreads all those elements to space through planetary nebulae or supernova explosions. Once they are scattered to space. they are prime material for building the next generations of stars and planets.   This is a slow process, however. Even nearly 14 billion years after its creation, the only a small fraction of the mass of the universe is made up of elements heavier than helium. Neutrinos Neutrinos are also part of the universe, although only about 0.3 percent of it. These are created during the nuclear fusion process in the cores of stars, neutrinos are nearly massless particles that travel at nearly the speed of light. Coupled with their lack of charge, their tiny masses mean that they do not interact readily with mass except for a direct impact on a nucleus. Measuring neutrinos is not an easy task. But, it has allowed scientists to get good estimates of nuclear fusion rates of our Sun and other stars, as well as an estimate of the total neutrino population in the universe. Stars When stargazers peer out into the night sky most of what the see is stars. They make up about 0.4 percent of the universe. Yet, when people look at the visible light coming from other galaxies even, most of what they see are stars. It seems odd that they make up only a small part of the universe.   Gases So, whats more, abundant than stars and neutrinos? It turns out that, at four percent, gases make up a much bigger part of the cosmos. They usually occupy the space between stars, and for that matter, the space between whole galaxies. Interstellar gas, which is mostly just free elemental hydrogen and helium makes up most of the mass in the universe that can be directly measured. These gases are detected using instruments sensitive to the radio, infrared and x-ray wavelengths. Dark Matter The second-most-abundant stuff of the universe is something that no one has seen otherwise detected. Yet, it makes up about 22 percent of the universe.  Scientists analyzing the motion (rotation) of galaxies, as well as the interaction of galaxies in galaxy clusters, found that all of the gas and dust present is not enough to explain the appearance and motions of galaxies. It turns out that 80 percent of the mass in these galaxies must be dark. That is, its not detectable in any wavelength of light, radio through gamma-ray. Thats why this stuff is called dark matter.   The identity of this mysterious mass? Unknown. The best candidate is cold dark matter, which is theorized to be a particle similar to a neutrino, but with a much greater mass. It is thought that these particles, often known as weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) arose out of thermal interactions in early galaxy formations. However, as yet we have not been able to detection dark matter, directly or indirectly, or create it in a laboratory. Dark Energy The most abundant mass of the universe is not dark matter or stars or galaxies or clouds of gas and dust. Its something called dark energy and it makes up 73 percent of the universe.   In fact, dark energy isnt (likely) even massive at all. Which makes its categorization of mass somewhat confusing.   So, what is it?   Possibly its a very strange property of space-time itself, or maybe even some unexplained (so far) energy field that permeates the entire universe. Or its neither of those things. Nobody knows. Only time and lots and lots more data will tell. Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Policy Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Policy - Term Paper Example Palestine is the land that the two factions have been fighting for ownership. The Jew asserts that Palestine is theirs based on the biblical promise. On the other hand, the Arabs claim that the land is theirs since they have continuously been staying in that place for a long time. It is an important aspect for the policy makers and the society to address the pre-existing feud so to cultivate peaceful co-existence between the two groups. The purpose of this paper is to propose relevant policies that will strengthen the United States foreign policy in the Middle East. The significance of this policy is that it will minimize instances of conflict and spread of weapons of mass demolition. The context of this paper is the prolonged boundary conflict between the Arabs and the Jews. The conflict involving the Zionist Jews and Palestine Arabs is a recent phenomenon that began in the end of the 19th century. Even though the two groups are of different religious belief, religious disparities are not the main reason of the conflict. The conflict started as a struggle over land where both groups had claimed ownership of Palestine (Primer on Palestine, Israel and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, p.1). Before the beginning of the 20th century, majority of the Jews existing in Palestine were concentrated in four cities. They were more inclined to their religious beliefs and customs. They believed that their attachment to Palestine was religious. The further migration of the Jews from other parts of the world was due to the desire of finding their origin. Consequently, this led to the rise of the Jew population to approximately sixty thousand. At the time, the Arab population was at 683,000. The sudden rise in the number of Jew inhabitants occupying Palestine greatly provoked the Arabs (Primer on Palestine, Israel and the Arab-Israeli Conflict,p.5). During the period of conflict, the British government had made a number of promises to both the Arabs and Palestine. However,

Lesson Planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Lesson Planning - Assignment Example It is important to for the students to understand the constitution amendments in the US. This is because it will help the students understand the rights and duties that they are entitled to ones they become citizens. It is also important for the students to know that the constitution amendments will help to strengthen the US government and to help the US citizens not to let other people control them. This topic will help the students to reflect and to rethink about what is actually needed from them when they become Citizens. Question 2 The lesson plan that is ideal in teaching the amendments of the United States constitution is the Understanding by Design template (UDB). The reason why the UBD is selected is that it will help the teacher in establishing goals of his or her lesson plan, which will make the students understand better. The UDB lesson template allows the teacher to have essential questions that helps in giving the students skills and knowledge. The template has a perform ance task description that helps in checking the performance tasks that will help the students to demonstrate the desired understanding of the topic. The lesson plan template allows the teacher to give tests, quizzes, observations and academic prompts that will help the teacher see whether he or she has achieved the desired results. The Understanding by Design template will be the most effective to teach the constitution amendments in the United States because it will help in engaging the students in the study, which will lead to better understanding of the topic. Lesson plan Understanding by design Stage 1-desired results Established goal – The teacher’s goal is to make the students understand Article V of the constitution, which highlights at what circumstances the constitution to be amended. The teacher will teach the students what percentage of the Houses can make the constitution be amended. The teacher will let the students know that the constitution is amended w hen it is ratified by three quarter of the legislatures of several states. The students will also be taught that constitution can be amended if it is ratified by three quarters of the Conventions, or congress may propose the mode of ratification. The students should be in position to explain, what constitution amendment is and at what terms can a constitution be amended (Wiggins & Tighe,1998). Understanding- The teacher will try to ensure that every student understands the Article V of the constitution. This will be achieved by the teacher moving at a slow rate, which will aim at teaching every student in the class including the slow learners. The teacher will enhance this by repeating his points well and by asking general questions, randomly. The general random questions will be asked to the bright, average and poor students, which will help the teacher in accessing how the students have understood the lesson (Wiggins & Tighe, 1998). Related misconception – The teacher will make sure that the students understand that no state that will be deprived its equal suffrage they have in the state without its consent. The teacher will also make the students understand that the mode of ratification that the congress proposes can only take place if there is no amendment made prior to the year 1888. Essential questions – What is constitution amendment? What percentage of the congress of the Houses is required for the constitution to be amended ? Knowledge- Students will understand the constitution amendment. The students will understand the circumstances under which the constitution will be amended. The students wil

Social Imapct of Photography Essay Example for Free

Social Imapct of Photography Essay In politics, images have always made governments very nervous because of their powerfully persuasive and propagandistic potentialities. (In 1835 – before photography – the Emperor Louis-Philippe banned caricatures, describing them as ‘acts of violence’ too dangerous to go unchecked†¦) Then along came the photographic image: swift, visceral, intense, realistic, and clothed in an authenticity unlike any mode of illustration before. Not even a masterpiece painting possessed the lifelike and painfully truthful nature so capable of producing responses resembling human reactions to actual sight of people, things, places and situations. If (as described) pen and line illustrations and painting and sculpture evoked varied and often violent responses from especially the Church and State, photographs made both these Institutions more nervous still. Still today, photographs are feared by politicians. In South African Israeli and Chinese histories, not to speak of American and European ones, proves of  this ‘nervousness’ (to put it mildly!) can be found. Prohibitions against photographs testify directly to their power. Suppression works†¦ The existence of certain photographs in our own recent history have changed and re-directed the courses of whole nations. Likewise, the absence of photographs can have great consequences. This is illustrated by the following: In India, in 1946, Mohammed Ali Jinnah, the leader of the then Moslem League, was diagnosed, through X-ray photography, as having severe tuberculosis. He had only about two or three years to live†¦ Yet, he swore his doctor to secrecy concerning the state of his health. The X-rays were locked away, and he continued his work towards the creation of the Moslem State of Pakistan, which he successfully accomplished in August of 1947. It is surmised that had his sickness become known (as borne out by the X-ray photographs) his political support might not have been strong enough to result in the establishment of Pakistan†¦ In this, the very late 20th century, we know full well (from first hand experience) the influence – both positive and negative – of photography. In fact: almost like an addict is under the influence of his drug, so are we (as Citizens of the World) under the constant, unrelenting influence of photographs. Photography came into a world that was already crazy about pictures and drove it positively ‘mad’. We have become collectively addicted. Photographs took up residence in our daily lives; they moved in, and they practically took over. It is now indeed impossible to imagine life without them†¦ Photographs sell newspapers and magazines. This is a truth that became evident already in 1842 with The Illustrated London News, the world’s first (at first non-photographic) illustrated magazine. It was a weekly magazine. Others followed in vast numbers, so that when photography arrived, the scene was already set for its use. Until the 1890’s, all of the illustrations were lithographs and engravings, but from about this time onwards, the halftone, and photography took over. In one week in 1899, The Illustrated London News carried twenty-eight photographs and only nineteen drawings. And this led to the inevitable happening: Photographs soon became superabundant, transient and superfluous, as, perhaps, some say, it still is today. A photograph has power only if the right people see it in the right context at the right time. It must answer some need, belief, and expectations of its times. If the audience is not ready for the message, the image may be seen, but the message will not be recognized. (Like telling a child about sex when he or she is too young to understand; they hear what their age permits, and ignore the rest!). Certain categories can be created corresponding to the types of photograph and what kind of influence they exert – revelation, proof, political persuasion, social reform, etc. – but these categories are not rigid and necessarily exclusive to a photograph of a different category. These are the suggested categories, as identified by Vicky Goldberg in her book, The Power of Photography (Goldberg, G. 1991. The power of photography. New York: Abbeville Press). 1. The photograph as a proof and witness. 2. The photograph as a revelation of discovery. 3. The photograph as a detective. 4. The photograph as a political tool. 5. The photograph as a recorder of fame and celebrity. 6. The photograph as an icon. 7.The photograph as a medium for social reform. 8.The photograph as catalyst. This lecture comes to you as an adaptation and very much condensed interpretation of the Introduction from the abovementioned book. Acknowledgement is hereby given. Also: See it as an introduction to Assignment 06. (Refer to the separate Assignment Briefing). I have scanned and converted to pdf my copy of the book. See the additional pdf document file titled ‘vic200s 2014_p09_additional’.

The Sedition Act of 1798 :: Government American History Papers

For the first few years of Constitutional government, under the leadership of George Washington, there was a unity, commonly called Federalism that even James Madison (the future architect of the Republican Party) acknowledged in describing the Republican form of government-- " And according to the degree of pleasure and pride we feel in being republicans, ought to be our zeal in cherishing the spirit and supporting the character of Federalists." Although legislators had serious differences of opinions, political unity was considered absolutely essential for the stability of the nation.Political parties or factions were considered evil as "Complaints are everywhere heard from our most considerate and virtuous citizens, equally the friends of public and private faith, and of public and personal liberty, that our governments are too unstable, that the public good is disregarded in the conflicts of rival parties, and that measures are too often decided, not according to the rules of justice and the rights of the minor party, but by the superior force of an interested and overbearing majority_" Public perception of factions were related to British excesses and thought to be "the mortal diseases under which popular governments have everywhere perished." James Madison wrote in Federalist Papers #10, "By a faction, I understand a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or a minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adversed to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community." He went on to explain that faction is part of human nature; "that the CAUSES of faction cannot be removed, and that relief is only to be sought in the means of controlling its EFFECTS." The significant point Madison was to make in this essay was that the Union was a safeguard against factions in that even if "the influence of factious leaders may kindle a flame within their particular States, [they will be] unable to spread a general conflagration through the other States." What caused men like Thomas Jefferson and James Madison to defy tradition and public perceptions against factions and build an opposition party? Did they finally agree with Edmund Burkes' famous aphorism: "When bad men combine, the good must associate; else they will fall, one by one, an unpitied sacrifice in a contemptible struggle?" Did the answer lie in their opposition with the agenda of Alexander Hamilton and the increases of power both to the executive branch as well as the legislative branch of government?

Network Case Study Essay

1. Which of the following is true about a TCP/IP network? A) The network uses only standards defined in TCP/IP RFCs. 2. Which of the following terms is not a common synonym for TCP/IP model? (Choose two answers.) D) TCP/IP mapping and C) Ethernet 3. Think generically about the idea of a networking standard, ignoring any particular standard or standards group. Which of the following is typically true of a standard? (Choose two answers.) B) It exists as a deployed network device, which people can visit on the Internet. C) It has been passed through some form of review and approval or certification process. 4. Contrast an international standard as compared to a de facto standard. (Choose two answers.) B) International standard documents have been reviewed more thoroughly. D) International standards typically mean that the standards group has been authorized by many countries to create standards that apply to multiple countries. 5. Which of the following are true about the commonly used version of the TCP/IP model as shown in this chapter? (Choose two answers.) C) The physical layer sits just below the data link layer. D). The network layer sits in the middle of the five layers. 6. The TCP/IP model refers to standards other than those the IETF defines in RFCs. Which of these standards groups is typically the source of external LAN standards? (Choose two answers.) A) ITU B) IEEE 7. Which of the following is not a typical reason for a group of ten companies to start a vendor group, for the purpose of pushing a new networking technology? C) To improve the chances that the technology will be standardized 8. The TCP/IP and OSI models have some obvious differences, like the number of layers. Think about the more commonly used version of the TCP/IP model discussed in this chapter, and then think about how to talk about TCP/IP using OSI terms. Which of the following is a correctly phrased statement for how to use OSI terminology? B) IP is a network layer protocol. 9. Historically, which of the following models were the earliest models used in corporate networks? A) Vendor models 10. Which of the following statements is true when comparing the OSI and the TCP/IP mode l as defined in RFC 1122? B) The lower four layers of TCP/IP define the same kinds of functions as the matching layer numbers from OSI. 11. A network engineer connects two PCs (PC1 and PC2) using Ethernet NICs and an Ethernet cable that has copper wires inside. The two PCs communicate successfully. Which of  the following happens when PC1 sends bits to PC2? D)PC1 converts the bits to sound waves, and the NIC uses an A/D converter to send the data over the cable. 12. A TCP/IP network includes an Ethernet LAN with 10 PCs uses a LAN switch. PC1 sends data intended for an app running on PC2. Which of the following mechanisms does Ethernet define so that PC2 receives and processes the data? A)The Ethernet header lists PC2’s MAC address so that PC2 will realize that the data is meant for PC2. 13. Two network pros are having a conversation about some issues in a network. They discuss some issues related to how PPP forwards data, so they happen to be discussing the data structure that includes the PPP header and trailer. Which of the following terms do they use? B) Packet 14. Which of the following are true facts about IP addresses? (Choose two answers.) C) Are listed in the data-link trailer D) Used by routers to make a forwarding decision 15. Which of the following answers is true about Ethernet MAC addresses? A) 48 bits in length C) Are listed in the data-link trailer 16. Which of the following statements is true comparing LANs and WANs? (Choose two answers.) A) LANs generally connect devices that are nearer to each other, compared to WANs. D) LANs are purchased, and WANs are leased. 17. Which of the following answers list true facts about the data link layer of TCP/IP? (Choose two answers.) B) Two TCP/IP data-link protocols are Ethernet and PPP. C) Data-link protocols define addresses that identify devices connected to the underlying physical link. 18. Which of the following answers list true facts about the network layer of TCP/IP? (Choose two answers.) B) The two primary protocols are TCP and IP. C) IP provides logical addressing and routing ser vices 19. Which of the following answers lists true facts about the transport layer of TCP/IP? B) The two primary protocol options are TCP and IP. C) TCP provides error recovery services to application layer protocols that use TCP. 20. A PC user opens a web browser and sends a request to a web server to load a new web page. Three routers forward the data as it passes from client to server. Consider the data plus all headers and trailers that go from the web client to the web server. Which of the following headers go all the way from the web client to the web server? (Choose three answers.) A)Data-link header B) Network layer header C) Transport layer header

The internal stakeholders refer to the employees

The current business environment is characterized by a considerable level of competitive rivalry and as a result businesses have to constantly reengineer their internal operations in order to build and maintain a competitive advantage.In this respect, a business organization has three strategies at its disposal: differentiation, cost minimization and focus. However the effectiveness of these strategies depends on effective communications between the internal stakeholders and the external stakeholders.The internal stakeholders refer to the employees and the top management while the external stakeholders are the channel members such as the customers, the distribution intermediaries and the suppliers. The top management in a business organization has to coordinate between the different stakeholder groups in order to maximize operational efficiency.This is particularly relevant in the case of international business which is characterized by differing customer tastes and preferences acros s political boundaries. As a result, integrated marketing communications are the critical success factors in building and maintaining a competitive advantage.A business organization has three strategies at its disposal: differentiation, cost minimization and focus (cited in Chanaron & Jolly, 1999).In order to make these strategies effective, the management of a business organization has to conduct marketing programs on a periodic basis so that customer tastes and preferences can be tracked. For this reason, marketing is essential to improving business performance.In this respect, the high state of competitive rivalry means that achieving sustainability in competitive advantages is no longer simple. For this reason, organizational structures have to be maintained flexible (cited in Culpan, 1989).This allows the organization to adapt to changing circumstance in the market. However the management must have information about market dynamics in the first place. For this reason marketing metrics must be developed and according to these metrics performance measures must be developed.Marketing shapes consumer needs and wants through efficient application of the 4Ps of marketing. The four Ps are price, product, place and promotion (cited in Hitt, 2007). Marketing managers can make use of the 4 Ps to manipulate consumer needs and wants because consumers are not always aware of their own needs.Therefore it is left to the marketing manager to determine what needs are hidden and then to develop the products that would satisfy those needs (cited in Greenley, 1989). In this manner, the marketing manager creates both fresh needs and wants.For example, computer users did not know that they needed a graphical user interface until Microsoft introduced the concept (cited in Kotler & Armstrong, 2005). In this case the need was user-friendliness in operating computer applications. By identifying this need, Microsoft created Windows which created the consumer want. Consumers wanted Windows to satisfy their need for user-friendly computing experience.This example serves to illustrate that the marketing manager can certainly shape consumer needs and wants. He can do so by collecting information about the market and by forecasting future market demands based on this information.Collecting information about the market takes place through market research. This information enables the marketing manager to conduct market segmentation effectively. Market segmentation facilitates target marketing.The marketing manager shapes consumer needs and wants through the process of target marketing. The four Ps serve as the tools with which to conduct target marketing. In Microsoft’s example, the product was given the features of a graphical user interface in order to enhance user-friendliness of the product.The pricing method followed was the value-in-use pricing. Considerable expenditures were made in promotion in order to illustrate to the consumers how they could bene fit from using the product.Finally, place was attended to in the form of product bundling in which IBM personal computers were packaged with a version of Windows, thus facilitating product availability. The strategy at the heart of Windows’ campaign was product differentiation and through this strategy Microsoft shaped the needs and wants of the IT market.The marketing manager has to monitor the stage of the product lifecycle. He has to maintain the product in the growth stage because either in the maturity or the decline stage, the product will have to be discontinued (cited in Dess, 2007).However the threat of competitive rivalry means that the marketing manager will have to constantly introduce new features into the product in order to maintain it in the growth stage. In this respect, the marketing manager is shaping consumer needs and wants by differentiating product features in line with his reading of unstated needs in the market. However with effective market research, the market manager can also create wants unaccompanied by any needs.This is the phenomenon of consumerism which leads to purchases for the purpose of personal satisfaction and not to satisfy any actual needs (cited in Martin, 1985). Consumerism is an example of the way in which marketing shapes consumer needs and wants.Because of the high state of competitive rivalry, businesses must conduct the continuous improvement program. This means that managing change on a continuous basis becomes a critical success factor (cited in Zineldin, 2000).However, as mentioned before, the challenge in making change work is to maintain alignment with the strategic focus of the company. This alignment cannot be maintained unless employees are involved in the process.Most change management projects fail because of employee resistance (cited in Aaker, 2004). Employees are unwilling to give up traditional practices in which they had built up a considerable level of experience and expertise.For this reas on the top management must involve the employees when it comes to implementing change. However involvement of the employees must depend on external market conditions which will set the direction of change. In other words, the perspectives of learning and growth and internal business processes must be aligned to the customer perspective (cited in Bank, 1993). This illustrates the importance of marketing to the rest of the organization.Because of the fast change in the current business environment, businesses can no longer continue to conduct their operations as before. For this reason they need a forward-looking performance management system which creates an evolving framework of metrics for performance measurement. That is why the balanced scorecard is valuable management tool.However the effectiveness of this tool can only be maintained with marketing because marketing enables the management to assess the future direction of demand patterns according to which internal processes can be reengineered. Even though employees are the most important assets of an organization, they are only relevant to the extent that they are able to satisfy market needs. So marketing is critical to improving business performance.As mentioned before, the current business environment is characterized by a considerable level of competitive rivalry. This means that businesses have to constantly reengineer their internal operations in order to build and maintain a competitive advantage (cited in Grover & Kettinger, 2008). Therefore the process of managing change becomes a critical success factor.When it comes to managing change involving a techno-structural intervention, the strategic alignment process becomes relevant. This alignment process takes place between four areas: IT strategy, business strategy, organizational issues and information systems issues (cited in Stair & Reynolds, 2007). IT strategy is the process of selecting the best software and hardware platform while business s trategy refers to the financing strategy.Organizational issues refer to the employees’ skills sets while the information systems issues refer to the knowledge management system. In this respect, the alignment process cannot be achieved effectively unless there is an efficient and effective communications structure.Employees are the most important assets of an organization and therefore the top management has to focus on creating the best possible working conditions (cited in Armstrong, 2005). In this respect, the critical consideration is to create an efficient and effective performance management system. This is so because the strategic focus of an organization should be to align employee interests to organizational interests.Therefore the management has to build a communications structure which will indicate to the employees as to which behavioral aspects are desired by the top management. In this respect, the learning contract becomes relevant. The learning contract is a d ocument which specifies the activities that will be taken in order to attain a learning goal.The learning contract is an example of integrated marketing communications because it represents an agreement between different stakeholder groups such as the employees, their immediate managers and the external stakeholders (cited in Ross & Perry, 2002). The advantage of this learning process is that the learning goals are aligned to the strategic focus of the organization.Organizations in the current business environment have to maintain a continuous improvement program. As mentioned before, this refers to the process of managing change.However when it comes to managing change, integrated marketing communications become more important than ever because employee resistance is the main reason behind the failures of most change management projects (cited in Hoyle, 2007).Therefore the most important aspect when it comes to managing change is that the top management has to stay in constant comm unications with the employees in order to promote the cause of change. In this respect, the management must determine how the change is aligned to enhancing the strategic focus of the company.Once this alignment has been facilitated, the management can communicate with the employees to promote the potential of higher productivity as a result of the change. The main reason behind employee resistance to change is that the employees will have to learn news ways of conducting the operational processes.Integrated marketing communications are critical when it comes to building a culture based on ownership, responsibility and accountability (cited in Besterfield, 2002). As mentioned before, organizations have the three strategies of differentiation, cost minimization and focus.The problem with implementing these three strategies is that they create competitive advantages that are not sustainable. As mentioned before, the current business environment is characterized by a fast pace of chang e driven by both technological sophistication and managerial developments. Therefore achieving sustainability is the critical success factor (cited in Shannon, 1999).However that objective cannot be met with the aforementioned three strategies because the competitor organizations can copy these strategies quickly in order to create similar operational improvements and thus the competitive advantage is gone quickly.As a result, the management must create an organizational structure which can be the source of a sustainable competitive advantage (cited in Higgins, 1972).This organizational structure is based on a specific cultural orientation which can be built through integrated marketing communications.Integrated marketing communications are critical to building a culture based on innovation and learning. In order to maintain innovations, the management of the company has to conduct training and development programs on a periodic basis.However the problem with formal training and dev elopment programs is that they cannot anticipate all the issues that are likely to arise in the actual business environment. An additional problem is to create a framework which can assess the return on investment in these training and development programs.These problems are avoided with the learning contracts. This is because in the learning contract the learning outcomes are individually negotiated between the learner and the teacher.Therefore the learning outcomes are directly tied to the strategic focus of the organization. In this respect the learner, the employee, is in the best position to determine the training needs while the teacher, the manager, is in the best position to determine whether these needs can be aligned to the strategic focus of the organization.Integrated marketing communications also involve external channel members. This can be illustrated with the case of Dell Inc (cited in Leseure & Brookes, 2004). The computer hardware manufacturer implements the e-comm erce business model.This facilitates the direct distribution model which enables the company to eliminate distribution intermediaries from the value chain. In this manner, the company has managed to implement the cost minimization strategy effectively. However in order to maintain this effectiveness, the company has to coordinate closely with the suppliers in order to ensure that the needed components are delivered timely to the factory floor.In this respect, the integrated marketing communications take place in the form of information sharing. The information sharing network enables the company to share demand forecasts with the suppliers so that they can maintain their own inventory accordingly (cited in Fred, 2006).Implementing this system has enabled Dell to achieve the highest level of inventory turnover in the industry. The success that Dell has had in creating a market leadership position would not have been possible without integrated marketing communications.Integrated mark eting communications become even more important when it comes to international business. When it comes to globalizing operations, a business organization has three strategies at its disposal: acquisitions, joint ventures and Greenfield projects.Depending on the level of cultural differentiation, the international business can select one of these strategies when it comes to globalization. However those companies which focus on maintaining a particular cultural orientation adopt the strategy of Greenfield projects because it allows them to recreate the same organizational structure as there is in the home country.In this respect delegation of authority becomes a critical consideration because companies must customize their strategies to align with the local cultural attributes. In this respect, the issues of standardization and customization become important. However in order to address these issues effectively, integrated marketing communications become critical. In this respect, the management must communicate with different stakeholders.For both public and private sector organizations, adopting the strategy of integrated marketing communications is a vital component of improving operational effectiveness in terms of maximizing the value of each dollar spent. According to the traditional framework, different marketing activities are conducted in separate silos.However there is no need to maintain separate silos as the different marketing programs are communicating with the same target market (cited in Raffee & Kreutzer, 1989). Therefore the result is duplication of efforts and the waste of resources.In order to make the communications process effective, the separate silos have to conduct market research activities. As a result the activities are being duplicated across the organization. In this framework, the strategy of spending is not in alignment with the strategic focus of the organization.In order to create this alignment, the management in both public an d private sector organizations must conduct integrated marketing communications. This means that different departments across the organization are coordinating their marketing efforts and therefore expenditures are not being duplicatedIn conducting integrated marketing communications, the process of internal benchmarking becomes effective (cited in Chandra, 1993).According to the process of internal benchmarking, the different departments within an organization compare internal processes to identify those which are producing the best results. In this respect, a database of best practices is developed and these best practices are implemented throughout the organization, thus organizational effectiveness is maximized.The process is relevant when it comes to conducting integrated marketing communications. In this respect, different departments can compare their success rates in terms of communicating with the public via different promotional media and thus consolidate the operations in terms of focusing only on those media which have been producing the best results.This maximizes operational effectiveness not only in terms of minimizing costs but also in terms of maximizing the effectiveness of promotional messages that are sent to the target market.In order to make the process of integrated marketing communications effective, the management has to conduct market research in order to facilitate the process of market segmentation (cited in Omachonu & Ross, 2004). The process of market segmentation enables a business organization to determine the stakeholders in terms of their demographics and psychographics so that specific needs can be addressed in the communications process.However as the case of Dell Inc. illustrates, the advent of the Internet has changed the communications process fundamentally. The advent of the Internet means that the consumers are inundated with information. Therefore both private and public sector organizations have to work harder in orde r to grip the consumers’ minds.In addressing this difficulty, integrated marketing communications are the critical success factors. This is because the modern business organization has a knowledge management system which maintains information on the different promotional media that are being applied. Integrated marketing communications enable the management to capitalize on this knowledge management system.In order to maximize the effectiveness of integrated marketing communications, both private and public sector organizations have to develop unique positioning strategies. This means identifying the needs of the target market because an effective positioning strategy must address these needs. However because the consumers are inundated with information from all kinds of media, it is difficult for an organization to get their attention.Therefore the organization must broadcast its message in such a manner that it will grab the audience’s attention immediately. This obj ective can only be met through integrated marketing communications because under this framework, the different departments are coordinating their activities so that a variety of promotional strategies can be synergistically combined (cited in George & Weimerskirch, 1998).This maximizes the efficiency of the communications process. Therefore the process has to start with identifying the needs of the audience. Once these needs have been identified, the management can create an effective positioning strategy (cited in Goetsch & Davis, 2003).The effectiveness of integrated marketing communications lies in the fact that consumers are indifferent as to which source of information the message is coming from. They certainly do not discriminate between different promotional media. Yet it is only through broadcasting through different promotional media that a private or a public sector organization can get the message across to its audience (cited in Pearlson & Saunders, 2007).Therefore the d ifferent departments in an organization must coordinate in order to send a consistent message using different promotional media. Therefore the process of integrated marketing communications also ensures that a consistent message is delivered to the audience.This strengthens the positioning strategy of the company. This is a critical consideration in the current business environment which is characterized by a considerable level of competitive rivalry which drowns the market in information in the form of promotional campaigns. This creates a challenge for public sector organizations which must engineer an integrated marketing communication process to cut through the staticFor both private and public sector organizations, marketing communications are the vitals tools of ensuring the viability of their operations. This has been long recognized. Therefore all organizations are conducting the communications process in one form or another. However particularly in public sector organizatio ns the communications process is highly fragmented across different departments.As a result, the same organization may be transmitting different messages to its target audience. These inconsistencies can be eliminated through the integrated marketing communications process which is essentially a process of addressing the needs of the stakeholders by targeting them with the same message across a number of different promotional media. Therefore the process has to be driven by the needs of the audience.Depending on the needs and the segmentation characteristics of the audience, the private or public sector organization has to develop the message and select the right promotional media.ReferencesAaker, David A. (2004). Strategic Market Management. McGraw Hill/Irwin.Armstrong, Michael. (2005). Strategic Human Resource Management. Prentice Hall.Bank, John. (1993). The Essence of Total Quality Management. McGraw Hill.Besterfield, Dale H., et al. (2002). Total Quality Management. 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Wiley.Greenley, Gordon E 1989, ‘An understanding of marketing strategy’ European Journal of Marketing, 19, pp 12-16.Grover, Varun and William J. Kettinger. (2008). Business Process Change:Reengineering Concepts, Methods and Technologies. Prentice Hall.Higgins, J. C. 1972, ‘Management information systems and the management scientist’,Management Decision, 10, pp 32-35.Hitt, Michael A., et al. (2007). Strategic Management Concepts. Wiley.Hoyle, David. (2007). Quality Management Essentials. Prentice Hall.Kotler, Philip., and Gary Armstrong. (2005). Principles of Marketing. Prentice Hall.Leseure, Michel J & Naomi J Brookes 2004, ‘Knowledge management benchmarks for project management ’, Journal of knowledge management, 8, pp 10-14.Martin, Charles L 1985, ‘Delineating the boundaries of marketing’ European Journal of Marketing, 19, pp 12-16.Omachonu, Vincent K. and Joel E. Ross. (2004). Principles of Total Quality. Prentice Hall.Pearls on, Keri E., and Carol S. Saunders. (2007). 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Free Essays on Industrial Revolution Dbq

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION. More good than bad The Industrial Revolution is the name given to the movement in which machines changed people's way of life as well as their methods of manufacture. About the time of the American Revolution, English People began to use machines to make cloth and steam engines to run the machines. Later they invented locomotives. Productivity began a steep climb. By 1850 most Englishmen were laboring in industrial towns and Great Britain had become the workshop of the world. From Britain the Industrial Revolution spread gradually throughout Europe and to the United States. The most important of the changes that the Industrial Revolution improved were: 1. The invention of machines to do the work of hand tools. 2. The use of steam, and later of other kinds of power, in place of the muscles. 3. The adoption of the factory system. The Industrial Revolution came gradually. However, when measured against the centuries people had worked entirely by hand, it happened in a short span of time. Until the inventions of the flying shuttle in 1733 and the spinning jenny in 1764, the making of yarn and the weaving of cloth had been much the same for thousands of years. By 1800 a host of new and faster processes were in use in both manufacture and transportation. (Doc 7) Several systems of making goods had grown up by the time of the Industrial Revolution. In country districts families produced most of the supplies that they used, while in the cities merchandise was made in shops, and manufacturing was strictly regulated by the guilds and by the government. The goods made in these shops were limited and costly. The merchants needed cheaper items, as well as larger quantities, for their growing trade. They had to establish another system of producing goods. The cottage or domestic industry filled in the gap for some time, because it gave the merchant a large supply of manufactured articles at a low price. It pro... Free Essays on Industrial Revolution Dbq Free Essays on Industrial Revolution Dbq THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION. More good than bad The Industrial Revolution is the name given to the movement in which machines changed people's way of life as well as their methods of manufacture. About the time of the American Revolution, English People began to use machines to make cloth and steam engines to run the machines. Later they invented locomotives. Productivity began a steep climb. By 1850 most Englishmen were laboring in industrial towns and Great Britain had become the workshop of the world. From Britain the Industrial Revolution spread gradually throughout Europe and to the United States. The most important of the changes that the Industrial Revolution improved were: 1. The invention of machines to do the work of hand tools. 2. The use of steam, and later of other kinds of power, in place of the muscles. 3. The adoption of the factory system. The Industrial Revolution came gradually. However, when measured against the centuries people had worked entirely by hand, it happened in a short span of time. Until the inventions of the flying shuttle in 1733 and the spinning jenny in 1764, the making of yarn and the weaving of cloth had been much the same for thousands of years. By 1800 a host of new and faster processes were in use in both manufacture and transportation. (Doc 7) Several systems of making goods had grown up by the time of the Industrial Revolution. In country districts families produced most of the supplies that they used, while in the cities merchandise was made in shops, and manufacturing was strictly regulated by the guilds and by the government. The goods made in these shops were limited and costly. The merchants needed cheaper items, as well as larger quantities, for their growing trade. They had to establish another system of producing goods. The cottage or domestic industry filled in the gap for some time, because it gave the merchant a large supply of manufactured articles at a low price. It pro...